Prep2012-Pack1-SC-073 VSC004703 hard
Although improved efficiency in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, thereby boosting consumption.
A. in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, thereby boosting
B. in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, demand will be stimulated because of increasing supply and lowering prices, which boost
C. of converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, which boosts
D. of harvested trees being converted into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand, because it will increase supply and lower prices, thereby boosting
E. when harvested trees are converted into wood products may reduce harvest rates, demand will be stimulated because of increasing supply and lowering prices, which boost
解題:
A) 主要資訊 Although improved efficiency may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by..., thereby boosting... 無明顯錯誤，保留
--Although 連接二個子句，表達對比
--it 指代 improved efficiency 合理、清晰 (前方無其他單數名詞干擾)
--主要子句部分架構走 comma+VERB-ing 結構 (或稱句尾Ving結構)，檢查主詞動作發出對象合理與二動作間相關性適當
B) 主要有二個錯誤點
1) 句尾的 which 關代，優先指代前方緊鄰名詞，supply and prices boost consumption. 看起來句意好像可以，但對比 A) 其實原始句意是要說 improved efficiency boosts consumption. 對比起來其實句意錯誤。
另外，有個清晰度的小問題，用 which 關代的話，到底是指 supply and prices 一起去 boost？還是單純只有指 prices 發出 boost 動作。會造成這種不清晰的狀況，都是不偏好寫法。
對比 A) 用 comma+VERB-ing 結構，必然抓前方的主詞作為邏輯動作對象，沒有其他選擇，相較之下，清晰度是 A) > B)。
-- 補充: comma+VERB-ing 結構 的常見搭錯選項，就是用 which 關代讓動作對象指代錯誤 ; 或者是直接用 this / it 指代前方整個子句的動作
2) demand will be stimulated because of supply and prices 這句的 because of NOUN 寫法，是表達因果的正確寫法，表達該 NOUN 本身必須就是因果關係中的發生原因。但如果要加上動作的概念，就偏好需要用 because S + V 的子句寫法，來表達動作對象歸屬，解釋出前後的因果關係。
這裡有問題的地方是相對性，A) stimulate damand by increasing... and lowering... 是藉由 increasing 及 lowering 二個動作來刺激需求，其中的因果關係中帶有動作關連。而 B) 改寫成 because of increasing supply and lowering prices，不只是把原因改寫成名詞，還把動作改寫成形容詞，變成名詞的修飾語，造成動作、原因的因果關連消失。這也是另一個錯誤點。
不過，第二個錯誤點，會關聯到句意邏輯判斷。如果不懂句意，這個考點不容易解。
C) it stimulate 主動不一致 刪
D) of harvested trees being converted of NOUN VERB-ing 刪
--補充: 跟B)錯誤點2)類似，of NOUN VERB-ing 如果是強調 VERB-ing 動作概念，就是錯誤用法
--補充: because of NOUN VERB-ing... 講因果關係解釋時，因為就修辭上，VERB-ing (後方通常是一大串修飾語) 其實是作為形容詞修飾前方名詞，所以可以把整個修飾語蓋起來。如果蓋起來後，只剩下 because of NOUN 的因果關係仍然合理、邏輯正確，那才是正確的用法。
Ex:
(X) Lily is crying because of John cheating on her. 重心在因為 John doing 了什麼事才造成前方結果，這個用法就是誤用
(O) Lily is crying because of John. 重心就在 John 本人上，而非強調哪個動作造成前方結果。
(O) Lily is crying because John cheated on her. 要強調因果的動作關係，就偏好用完整子句表達各個動作發出對象及相關性。
E) 主要錯誤點同 B) 刪
正向檢查:
Although improved efficiency in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, thereby boosting consumption.
--Although 連接二個子句，表達對比 ok
--Although 子句主詞是灰底這一整串，主要資訊是 improved efficiecy may reduce rates 主動一致 ok
--in VERB-ing 表達在該動作之內，檢查邏輯句意，效率真的是在轉換動作裡面 ok
--it 指代 improved efficiency 合理、清晰 (前方無其他單數名詞干擾) ok
--主要子句部分架構走 comma+VERB-ing 結構 (或稱句尾Ving結構)，檢查主詞動作發出對象合理與二動作間相關性適當 ok
--by VERB-ing 表達藉由如何動作，一樣要檢查邏輯句意 --> 效率藉由增加供給及降低價格來刺激需求 ok
--by increasing supply and lowering prices 平行檢查 1) 詞性平行 ok ; 2) 意義邏輯都是動作也平行 ok ; 後方補不補 by 此處並不會不清晰，不補無妨
正項檢查都 ok，答案就是 A) 了。
補充: comma + VERB-ing 是 GMAT 一個非常重要的強考點，一定要熟悉用法。
S + V + O, VERB-ing... --> VERB-ing 整句作副詞，修飾前方整句(S+V)動作作補充說明
主詞邏輯句意上必須要能夠發出二個動作，而且二個動作間關係有二種可能性
1) 表同時間發生，且為伴隨的附屬動作
He ran down stairs, flapping his hands. (跑下樓的同時，伴隨著揮舞雙手的動作。)
2) 表立即伴隨的結果動作 (二者間有因果關係，還有發生的先後次序關係)
Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in track competition is now lined with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws.
好心的時候，會送上 "thereby" 作為因果的提示字詞。
總結檢討:
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-073 VSC004703 hard
Although improved efficiency in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, thereby boosting consumption.
A. in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, thereby boosting
B. in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, demand will be stimulated because of increasing supply and lowering prices, which boost
C. of converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, which boosts
D. of harvested trees being converted into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand, because it will increase supply and lower prices, thereby boosting
E. when harvested trees are converted into wood products may reduce harvest rates, demand will be stimulated because of increasing supply and lowering prices, which boost
灰底: 正確
黃底: 刪除錯誤
紅字: 刪除錯誤
綠底+紅字: 綠色底色為做題時「不偏好」項，屬於「懷疑」、「不確定」的部份，如果 Ron 神也認同這個懷疑點是錯項後，加上紅字
綠底: 「懷疑」部分，但是 Ron 神沒提到，那就持續保留綠底
藍底: 本例無 -- 如果檢討時，發現是自己做題根本沒發現的重要錯誤，Ron 神點出來了。那就標記藍底，未來檢討時，就會優先看藍底。
補: 綠底部分 --> 這一題我沒時間查 MHT Ron 神解釋，所以我也不確定我綠底是否真的有錯，但我對它有疑義，就會列為「不偏好」的選項，在比較選項優劣時，就會放在後面。如果選項只有一個綠底我不會刪，就會跟沒綠底的再多看其他部分是否有考點可以比較。
D) 綠底懷疑:
整句變成 Although efficiency may..., it will..., because it will... 三個子句用二個連接詞是沒有文法上的錯誤，但是結構就不清晰了。
到底是: Although efficiency may..., it will..., because it will... 這二個藍底的主要結構比呢？
還是: Although efficiency may..., it will..., because it will... Although 二個子句自己比完後，再加上 because 補一刀講原因呢？而如果是這樣子的寫法結構，我知道它是錯的，但我不知道如何解釋...所以，才會先掛著綠底，哈！
E) 綠底懷疑:
Although improved efficiency when trees are converted into wood products may reduce... 文法上一樣沒有錯誤。
這裡 when 的用法怪異，不屬於一般 when 的表明確時間點或表同時的用法：
1) 表明確的時間點，某一年、某一天 --> Something failed in 1981, when... when 引導的子句用來補充說明 1981 那一年的資訊
2) 表同時 --> When S + V, S + V 前面主詞做某動作時，後方主詞也在做某動作
如果二者主詞相同時，是可以省略前方主詞沒錯 When VERB-ing, S + V 主詞做某動作時，也在做前方動作
這裡結構看起來像是 當 trees are converted 的同時 trees 也被 improved，動作邏輯句意有問題...而且還又配上 Although 怪上加怪。
但這裡我不會認為「被動語態」就是一昧的錯誤或者是強烈的「不偏好」，「被動語態」不是一定錯誤。
正確句總結：出處題號 + 考點分類 + 正確句(粗體、顏色、底色) + 搭錯或其他補充
PP2012-073 | Although 引導對比 ; in VERB-ing 正確 ; by VERB-ing 正確 ; 指代 ; comma+VERB-ing ; 平行 不補 ; 複合時態
Although improved efficiency in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, thereby boosting consumption.
搭錯: which
搭錯: because of VERB-ing
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